I don't think it matters what your OS (Operating System) is, whether Vista, XP, 7 etc... A modem is a modem in order to connect devices to the internet.
I use ours as a replacement for a rental unit from our cable company. I don't want to pay monthly for an equipment that I can just buy.
I use it to connect 2 laptops (one running Windows 7 and the other a MacBook running iOS Yosemite, plus 2 iPhones, 1 iPad, and the actual cable box which is connected to the TV).
So I don't see an issue with Vista. What you need to ask yourself is this:
1.) Does your computer have a wireless adapter to connect via wifi.
2.) Does your computer have an Ethernet Cable Port, if you'll connect via wired connection.